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State of the unions (2): Union membership is in long-term decline

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The public appetite for trade union membership could be in decline, latest data suggest.

Union membership has halved since 1980 according to TUC data, the BBC reports:
Trade union membership has fallen below six million for the first time since the 1940s. There are now 5.98 million members of TUC-affiliated unions, which is fewer than half the number just 30 years ago. The TUC blames the fall on job cuts in the public sector. [...] According to TUC figures, union membership peaked in 1980 at 12.2million.
This downward trend in union membership levels is confirmed by latest data from the BIS:
  • Trade union membership levels are in long-term decline, according to BIS data: "Around 6.4 million employees in the UK were trade union members in 2011, down by 143,000 from 2010. This was the fourth consecutive annual fall of similar magnitude, following a period of broad stability in trade union membership levels between 1995 (when the Labour Force Survey series for the UK began) and 2007."
  • However, BIS notes that union membership levels in the private sector "rose slightly" in 2011.

Dwindling membership means UK trade unions are 'relatively impotent'

Economist John Philpott comments that falling membership levels mean the unions are "relatively impotent, even though those who know and welcome this still like to talk up the threat of union militancy whenever politically convenient to do so."


Philpott continues:
This relative weakness is not a wholly bad thing. Unions have at times in our history abused their role, which as a result has necessarily had to be tempered by appropriate legal restrictions to ensure that they behave responsibly.  The current treatment of unions in UK law would therefore seem about right. Yet wanting to go further by introducing further curbs so as to effectively paint unions out of the national picture would surely be wrong.
What's your view on the state of the unions in 2012?
I'm very interested to find out the views of XpertHR readers on the issues around the state of the UK trade unions raised here.

I'd love to hear from you. You can submit comments via the box below, or contact me directly via Twitter, LinkedIn or Google+.


State of the unions: Read all the posts in the XpertHR series

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Comments (6)

As a local government employee, the main gripes I pick up on about unions is their underlying political agenda. Cuts, outsourcing & contract changes imposed by Labour were meekly ignored whilst they're suddenly militant about Tory cuts.
I think most employees want to see their union spending time and effort on employment issues, but public sector unions seem to think their purpose is act as rabble-rousers for the a Labour party that's as aloof from the man in the workplace as it's ever been.
In local government, the dogmatic union-backed equal-pay initiative (which was widely seen as a levelling-down exercise) cost Unison in particular a lot of members.

Michael Carty Author Profile Page:

Thank you for this extremely interesting comment, Chris.

It's interesting to hear that some local government employees are put off union membership as a direct result of the "underlying political agenda" of the unions.

How widespread do you think this perception is?

And what do you think would be the most effective way for unions to counter the perception that you mention here?

It's my personal view, but one I've heard from numerous colleagues too.
I think unions could counter it by focussing on employment issues firstly and if there are wider strategic issues affecting their members these should be secondary. Any other non-employment related work they do should be dropped.
The march in London in March was very well attended primarily because it tackled an employment issue - pensions.
I suspect the march taking place in the same location later this month will be nowhere near as big - primarily because it's just attacking the Govt rather than any particular employment-related issue.
It's not that I'm against protesting against government policies - I've done so myself several times - it's because I don't think that trade unions are the vehicle to do so - they're being used as such because the Labour party couldn't muster anything more than a laughing stock under their own banner.

Michael Carty Author Profile Page:

Thank you for providing such an extensive and interesting response, Chris - it is very much appreciated!

It will be extremely interesting to see how the union event on 20 October measures up to the one from earlier this year.

Chris Akpakwu:

Employers are able to engage directly with employee representatives in non-unionised partnership agreements; not only on employment issues, but wider business strategy in an atmosphere of trust. For example, looking at growth forecasts together ensures that employees get a fair deal, without undermining the long term stability of the business. The decline of unions has been accompanied by an increase in such non-unionised employee partnership arrangements in mid-size to large businesses. We are likely to see an increase in these types of arrangements as unions decline further.

A wider issue is the disengagement of union members which undermines the mandate and credibility of union leaders. For example where union leaders are able to take industrial action based on 70% of their members not bothering to take part in ballots. This only reinforces the view that most action and protest is driven by political ideology, which is a shame given the good work done by some of the smaller unions.

Michael Carty Author Profile Page:

Thank you for taking the time to compose and share this excellent comment, Chris.

Do you have any views as to how the unions could or should go about countering the "disengagement" of their members?

And yes, it will be very interesting indeed to track the "increase in [...] non-unionised employee partnership arrangements in mid-size to large businesses."

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